Abu Sufyan bin Harb informed me that Heraclius had
sent a messenger to him while he had been accompanying a caravan
from Quraish. They were merchants doing business in Sham (Syria,
Palestine, Lebanon and Jordan), at the time when Allah's Apostle had
truce with Abu Sufyan and Quraish infidels. So Abu Sufyan and his
companions went to Heraclius at Ilya (Jerusalem). Heraclius called
them in the court and he had all the senior Roman dignitaries around
him. He called for his translator who, translating Heraclius's
question said to them, "Who amongst you is closely related to that
man who claims to be a Prophet?" Abu Sufyan replied, "I am the
nearest relative to him (amongst the group)."
Heraclius said, "Bring him (Abu Sufyan) close to me and make his
companions stand behind him." Abu Sufyan added, Heraclius told his
translator to tell my companions that he wanted to put some
questions to me regarding that man (The Prophet) and that if I told
a lie they (my companions) should contradict me." Abu Sufyan added,
"By Allah! Had I not been afraid of my companions labelling me a
liar, I would not have spoken the truth about the Prophet. The first
question he asked me about him was:
'What is his family status amongst you?'
I replied, 'He belongs to a good (noble) family amongst us.'
Heraclius further asked, 'Has anybody amongst you ever claimed
the same (i.e. to be a Prophet) before him?'
I replied, 'No.'
He said, 'Was anybody amongst his ancestors a king?'
I replied, 'No.'
Heraclius asked, 'Do the nobles or the poor follow him?'
I replied, 'It is the poor who follow him.'
He said, 'Are his followers increasing decreasing (day by day)?'
I replied, 'They are increasing.'
He then asked, 'Does anybody amongst those who embrace his
religion become displeased and renounce the religion afterwards?'
I replied, 'No.'
Heraclius said, 'Have you ever accused him of telling lies before
his claim (to be a Prophet)?'
I replied, 'No. '
Heraclius said, 'Does he break his promises?'
I replied, 'No. We are at truce with him but we do not know what
he will do in it.' I could not find opportunity to say anything
against him except that.
Heraclius asked, 'Have you ever had a war with him?'
I replied, 'Yes.'
Then he said, 'What was the outcome of the battles?'
I replied, 'Sometimes he was victorious and sometimes we.'
Heraclius said, 'What does he order you to do?'
I said, 'He tells us to worship Allah and Allah alone and not to
worship anything along with Him, and to renounce all that our
ancestors had said. He orders us to pray, to speak the truth, to be
chaste and to keep good relations with our Kith and kin.'
Heraclius asked the translator to convey to me the following, I
asked you about his family and your reply was that he belonged to a
very noble family. In fact all the Apostles come from noble families
amongst their respective peoples. I questioned you whether anybody
else amongst you claimed such a thing, your reply was in the
negative. If the answer had been in the affirmative, I would have
thought that this man was following the previous man's statement.
Then I asked you whether anyone of his ancestors was a king. Your
reply was in the negative, and if it had been in the affirmative, I
would have thought that this man wanted to take back his ancestral
kingdom.
I further asked whether he was ever accused of telling lies
before he said what he said, and your reply was in the negative. So
I wondered how a person who does not tell a lie about others could
ever tell a lie about Allah. I, then asked you whether the rich
people followed him or the poor. You replied that it was the poor
who followed him. And in fact all the Apostle have been followed by
this very class of people. Then I asked you whether his followers
were increasing or decreasing. You replied that they were
increasing, and in fact this is the way of true faith, till it is
complete in all respects. I further asked you whether there was
anybody, who, after embracing his religion, became displeased and
discarded his religion. Your reply was in the negative, and in fact
this is (the sign of) true faith, when its delight enters the hearts
and mixes with them completely. I asked you whether he had ever
betrayed. You replied in the negative and likewise the Apostles
never betray. Then I asked you what he ordered you to do. You
replied that he ordered you to worship Allah and Allah alone and not
to worship any thing along with Him and forbade you to worship idols
and ordered you to pray, to speak the truth and to be chaste. If
what you have said is true, he will very soon occupy this place
underneath my feet and I knew it (from the scriptures) that he was
going to appear but I did not know that he would be from you, and if
I could reach him definitely, I would go immediately to meet him and
if I were with him, I would certainly wash his feet.' Heraclius then
asked for the letter addressed by Allah's Apostle which was
delivered by Dihya to the Governor of Busra, who forwarded it to
Heraclius to read. The contents of the letter were as follows: "In
the name of Allah the Beneficent, the Merciful (This letter is) from
Muhammad the slave of Allah and His Apostle to Heraclius the ruler
of Byzantine. Peace be upon him, who follows the right path.
Furthermore I invite you to Islam, and if you become a Muslim you
will be safe, and Allah will double your reward, and if you reject
this invitation of Islam you will be committing a sin by misguiding
your Arisiyin (peasants). (And I recite to you Allah's Statement:)
'O people of the scripture! Come to a word common to you and us
that we worship none but Allah and that we associate nothing in
worship with Him, and that none of us shall take others as Lords
beside Allah. Then, if they turn away, say: Bear witness that we are
Muslims (those who have surrendered to Allah).' (3:64).
Abu Sufyan then added, "When Heraclius had finished his speech
and had read the letter, there was a great hue and cry in the Royal
Court. So we were turned out of the court. I told my companions that
the question of Ibn-Abi-Kabsha) (the Prophet Muhammad) has become so
prominent that even the King of Bani Al-Asfar (Byzantine) is afraid
of him. Then I started to become sure that he (the Prophet) would be
the conqueror in the near future till I embraced Islam (i.e. Allah
guided me to it)."
The sub narrator adds, "Ibn An-Natur was the Governor of ilya'
(Jerusalem) and Heraclius was the head of the Christians of Sham.
Ibn An-Natur narrates that once while Heraclius was visiting ilya'
(Jerusalem), he got up in the morning with a sad mood. Some of his
priests asked him why he was in that mood? Heraclius was a
foreteller and an astrologer. He replied, 'At night when I looked at
the stars, I saw that the leader of those who practice circumcision
had appeared (become the conqueror). Who are they who practice
circumcision?' The people replied, 'Except the Jews nobody practices
circumcision, so you should not be afraid of them (Jews).
'Just Issue orders to kill every Jew present in the country.'
While they were discussing it, a messenger sent by the king of
Ghassan to convey the news of Allah's Apostle to Heraclius was
brought in. Having heard the news, he (Heraclius) ordered the people
to go and see whether the messenger of Ghassan was circumcised. The
people, after seeing him, told Heraclius that he was circumcised.
Heraclius then asked him about the Arabs. The messenger replied,
'Arabs also practice circumcision.'
(After hearing that) Heraclius remarked that sovereignty of the
'Arabs had appeared. Heraclius then wrote a letter to his friend in
Rome who was as good as Heraclius in knowledge. Heraclius then left
for Homs. (a town in Syrian and stayed there till he received the
reply of his letter from his friend who agreed with him in his
opinion about the emergence of the Prophet and the fact that he was
a Prophet. On that Heraclius invited all the heads of the Byzantines
to assemble in his palace at Homs. When they assembled, he ordered
that all the doors of his palace be closed. Then he came out and
said, 'O Byzantines! If success is your desire and if you seek right
guidance and want your empire to remain then give a pledge of
allegiance to this Prophet (i.e. embrace Islam).'
(On hearing the views of Heraclius) the people ran towards the
gates of the palace like onagers but found the doors closed.
Heraclius realized their hatred towards Islam and when he lost the
hope of their embracing Islam, he ordered that they should be
brought back in audience.
(When they returned) he said, 'What already said was just to test
the strength of your conviction and I have seen it.' The people
prostrated before him and became pleased with him, and this was the
end of Heraclius's story (in connection with his faith).